MZ@ !L!This program cannot be run in DOS mode. $PELX V 08 V `@ @VO`D \U  H.text6 8 `.rsrcD`:@@.reloc B@BVHtX 4S(0s /* 8( o 3 o % + ( o X 1N Y1 (o &( o &X +X  /o ( - 0+ ( o & o ?ko *0> +Y 2Xo ( ,/*Y 2Xo ( -X*( *0(  *%rp%rp%rXp%rp%rp%rp%rTp%rp%rp% rp% r`p% rp% r p% r p%r p%r p%rp%rp%rp%r@p%rp%rp%rJp%rQp%rp%rp%rp%rp%rEp%rRp%rp%rp% rp%!rZp%"r7p%#r.p%$rp%%rp%&rp%'rl p%(r!p%)rL"p%*rG#p%+r%p%,rv%p%-rM&p%.r'p%/r'p%0r(p%1r)p%2r*p%3r+p%4r2-p%5r-p%6r.p%7r!0p%8r1p%9r2p%:r3p%;r5p%r8p%?r8p%@r9p%Ar;:p%BrB;p%Cr;p%Dr<p%ErK=p%Fr=p%Gr`>p%Hr?p%Ir&@p%JrIAp%KrlBp%Lr-Cp%Mr Dp%NrEp%OriEp%Pr`Fp%Qr%Gp%RrGp%SrjHp%TrHp%UrMIp%VrIp%Wr2Jp%XrJp%YrKp%ZrKp%[rCLp%\rLp%]rLp%^rMp%_riMp%`rMp%arNp%brOp%crAPp%drPp%erQp%frRp%grRp%hrRp%irVSp%jr Tp%krTp%lrUp%mrFVp%nr)Wp%orWp%pryXp%qrYp%rrYp%sr|Zp%trC[p%ur[p%vrJ\p%wr\p%xr~]p%yra^p%zr~_p%{ra`p%|r`p%}r`p%~rap%rgbp% rbp% rcp% rcp% r9dp% r{dp% rhep% rEfp% rgp% rgp% rhp% rip% rjp% rkp% r~lp% rlp% rlp% rmp% rnp% rLop% rop% rpp% rpp% rXqp% rqp% rrp% rFsp% rsp% r$tp% rkup% rfvp% rIwp% r6xp% rxp% rCyp% r>zp% rzp% r{p% rw|p% rT}p% r}p% r~p% rSp% rp% r<p% rp% rp% rłp% rp% rp% rPp% r)p% r:p% rp% rIp% rp% rp% r7p% rƊp% rp% r`p% rp% r"p% rp% rhp% r'p% r(p% r p% r\p% rғp% rp% rPp% rp% rp% rp% rqp% rp% rp% rp% r-p% rip% rhp% rp% r/p% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rբp% rp% ryp% rvp% r'p% rp% rp% rԨp% rp% r p% r٩p% rp% r֪p% rp% rAp% rp% r۬p% r+p% rp% r\p% r p% rp% rp% r0p% rp% rp% rp% rִp% rep% r p% rp% rZp% rqp% rp% r׺p% rp% rsp% rp% rp% rp% rۿp% rp% rqp% rp% rp% rp% rmp% r(p% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% r$p% rp% rIp% rNp% rp% rp% r.p% rp% rp% rdp% rp% rp% rqp% rp% rp% rkp% rp% !rp% "rp% #r*p% $rp% %r+p% &rp% 'rDp% (rp% )rp% *rp% +r[p% ,r p% -rp% .rvp% /rp% 0rRp% 1rp% 2rp% 3r}p% 4r4p% 5rp% 6rpp% 7rp% 8rp% 9rKp% :rp% ;r>p% <rp% =rAp% >rp% ?rp% @r@p% Arp% Br3p% Crgp% Drp% Erjp% Frp% GrWp% Hr*p% Irp% JrNp% Krp% Lrp% Mr8p% Nrip% Orp% Prap% Qrjp% Rrp% Srp% Trp% Urp% Vrkp% Wrp% Xrpp% YrMp% Zrp% [rp% \rp% ]r;p% ^rp% _rtp% `r3p% arp% brp% crYp% drp% erp% frup% grTp% hrap% irp% jrp% krJp% lr)p% mrp% nrp% orp% prp% qrk p% rr p% sr5 p% tr p% ur p% vrB p% wr% p% xr p% yrp% zrHp% {rp% |rp% }rp% ~r}p% rpp% rap% rRp% rCp% rdp% rp% rp% rQp% rp% rp% rJp% r)p% rp% rp% rp% r p% rR!p% r!p% r"p% r%#p% r#p% r#p% rI$p% r$p% rA&p% r&p% r>'p% r(p% r)p% r2*p% r5+p% r+p% r,p% r\-p% r).p% r.p% r/p% r0p% r1p% r1p% r1p% r2p% r2p% r3p% r 4p% r~4p% r4p% rk5p% r5p% rU6p% r6p% r7p% r{8p% r 9p% r9p% r:p% r);p% r<p% r=p% rt>p% r?p% r?p% r@p% rAp% rBp% rCp% rDp% rvEp% r7Fp% r Gp% rGp% rcHp% rHp% rZIp% rIp% rpJp *%rJp%rEKp%rEKp%rYKp%rmKp%rKp%rKp%rKp%rKp% rKp% rLp% r?Lp% rMp% rxMp%rMp%rMp%rqNp%rNp%rhPp%rPp%r)Qp%rKp%rQp%rRp%rSp%rSp%rSp%rSp%rSp%rSp%rSp%rSp% rTp%!rTp%"rTp%#rTp%$rTp%%rUp%&r?Vp%'r_Vp%(rVp%)rTWp%*rWp%+rLXp%,rXp%-r7Yp%.rIYp%/r[Yp%0rYp%1rRZp%2rZp%3rKp%4r[p%5r\p%6r^]p%7r^p%8r^p%9r_p%:rV_p%;r_p%rw`p%?r`p%@r`p%Ar`p%BrYap%Crap%Drbp%Er0cp%Frrcp%Grcp%Hrdp%Ir:ep%Jrep%Krep%Lrep%Mrfp%Nrgp%Oruhp%Prhp%Qrgip%Rrjp%SrRjp%Trjp%Urjp%Vr]kp%Wrkp%Xrlp%Yrlp%Zrlp%[rlp%\rlp%]r(mp%^rfmp%_rnp%`rnp%arHop%brop%crqp%drPqp%errp%frKp%gr}rp%hrrp%irrp%jrrp%krsp%lrsp%mrtp%nr&tp%or4tp%prTtp%qrtp%rr_up%srup%trvp%urvp%vrsp%wrvp%xrxwp%yrxp%zr-xp%{rsxp%|rxp%}rUyp%~ryp%ryp% rzzp% rzp% rzp% r8{p% r{p% r{p% r|p% rR|p% r|p% r}p% rN}p% r}p% r=~p% r~p% r p% rp% rp% rp% rKp% r~p% rp% rʀp% r$p% rp% rp% r‚p% rgp% rp% rp% rp% r~p% r*p% rp% r&p% rp% rFp% rhp% rp% rp% r.p% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rKp% rp% r=p% rp% rp% rٌp% rAp% rp% rՍp% rp% rKp% rsp% rp% rDp% rɏp% rp% rp% r=p% rp% rp% rp% rWp% rǑp% rp% rip% rɒp% rNp% rp% rp% rbp% rp% rKp% r=p% rop% rp% rǕp% rp% rp% rCp% rp% rp% rYp% rӗp% r!p% rp% rp% rsp% r6p% rfp% rvp% rIp% rp% rbp% rp% rp% rp% rp% r5p% rp% rp% rp% rp% rcp% rKp% rp% r͞p% r;p% rOp% rcp% rp% rp% r͟p% rp% rp% rp% rp% r/p% rCp% rgp% r۠p% rp% rp% r+p% rAp% rUp% ryp% rp% rp% r١p% rp% r+p% rWp% rip% rˢp% rp% rp% rp% rAp% rUp% rap% rup% rp% rݣp% rSp% rܤp% rp% r*p% rsp% rrp% rp% r'p% rKp% rp% rp% r$p% !rtp% "rp% #r§p% $r>p% %rKp% &rLp% 'rjp% (rp% )rp% *r:p% +rDp% ,rRp% -rfp% .rp% /rp% 0rp% 1r6p% 2rp% 3rp% 4r*p% 5rp% 6rp% 7rԬp% 8rNp% 9r`p% :rrp% ;rp% <rp% =rp% >rȭp% ?r]p% @rp% Arp% Br!p% Crp% Drp% Erp% Frp% Grp% Hr p% Irp% JrXp% KrԱp% Lrp% Mr p% Nrp% Or:p% Prp% QrԲp% Rrp% Sr.p% Trxp% Urp% Vrp% WrSp% Xrup% YrSp% Zrp% [rɵp% \r;p% ]r[p% ^rp% _rǶp% `rp% ar p% brp% crԷp% drp% erp% frp% gr"p% hr4p% irp% jrGp% krp% lrp% mrǹp% nr)p% orp% pr˺p% qrp% rrp% sr p% trrp% urp% vrp% wrKp% xrip% yr{p% zrp% {r<p% |rhp% }r-p% ~r;p% rCp% rKp% rSp% r[p% rcp% rp% rp% r$p% rZp% rtp% rp% rp% r(p% rTp% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% r"p% r@p% rp% rp% rp% rp% rp% r'p% rKp% r[p% rp% rVp% rp% rtp% rp% rp% rp% rop% rp% rjp% rp% rkp% rp% rp% r3p% rQp% rp% rp% rp% r6p% rzp% rKp% rKp% rp% r p% rp% r(p% rp% rp% rp% r*p% rp% rp% rZp% rvp% rp% rp% ryp% rp% rp% rwp% rp% rp% r%p% rp% r p% rXp*N( ((*0@~ rpo -{ rpo! *{ rpo" t*o! *~ rpo# rp{ o$ o% *6((& *(& **z,{, {o' (( *0{s) }s) }s* }s* }s+ } s) } s) } s) } (, {o- {rp"|As. o/ {(0 o1 {s2 o3 {s4 o5 {r>po6 { s7 o8 {o9 {rLpo! {o- {:s2 o3 {s4 o5 {rdpo6 { s7 o8 {o9 {rrpo! {o: { s2 o3 {s; o5 {rpo6 {ds7 o8 {o9 {rpo! {o< { s= o> {o? {o: { s2 o3 {s; o5 {rpo6 {ds7 o8 {o9 {rpo! {o< { s= o> { vss2 o3 { o@ { rpo6 { ds7 o8 { o9 {  s= oA { o- {  vs2 o3 { rpo6 { ?s7 o8 { o9 { rpo! {  s= o> { o- { ?ss2 o3 { rpo6 { 1s7 o8 { o9 { r po! { o- { Y_s2 o3 { rpo6 {  s7 o8 {  o9 { r&po! { s= o> "A"AsB (C (D  9 s7 (E (F { oG (F { oG (F { oG (F { oG (F {oG (F {oG (F {oG (F {oG (H s; (I (J rVp(6 rppo!  s= (K (L (M *<} sN }sN }( (*<} sN }sN }( ((O *0<} sN }sN }( ((P (&(P (P ( @`sQ (&(&(R (S s2 (T {rp"@sU o/ }*0g((V oW (X (Y (Z ([ 2 [X} { o\ {] {rp@[ks. o/ {FQ LYQVac gi^ nm giU VwrYq__i iyxi iiiiii  ii+i Lif  i) i6 i ivy  #s:> :5( i5 ig, D 3 9z:z: =::V (BGq eii MT1i [9ibib (g nQVQVQ%sQ%xQ ~Al Yj(Q  il aa !Ay). ...#.+.3.;.C.K-.S.[.cE.ko.s|I({'Z^i~" #$%&L# %`@'R) :s }9  py textLabel1label1textBox1Microsoft.Win32Int32textLabel2label2label3Int64label4label5SizeFDisplay_TXTget_Xget_Ymscorlibadd_LoadScreenSaverForm_LoadSettingsForm_LoadAddget_RedtextBox1_TextChangedadd_TextChangedSynchronizedhWndChildhWndrandAppendIsWhiteSpacedefaultInstanceHideGeneralStudyGuideset_AutoScaleModepreviewModeIDisposableget_HandlePreviewWndHandleRuntimeTypeHandleGetTypeFromHandleRectangleset_FormBorderStyleFontStyleset_NameBreakLineget_NewLineTypeget_Cultureset_CultureresourceCultureButtonBaseApplicationSettingsBaseTextBoxBaseCloseDisposeTryParseEditorBrowsableStateSTAThreadAttributeCompilerGeneratedAttributeGuidAttributeGeneratedCodeAttributeDebuggerNonUserCodeAttributeDebuggableAttributeEditorBrowsableAttributeComVisibleAttributeAssemblyTitleAttributeAssemblyTrademarkAttributeTargetFrameworkAttributeAssemblyFileVersionAttributeAssemblyConfigurationAttributeAssemblyDescriptionAttributeCompilationRelaxationsAttributeAssemblyProductAttributeAssemblyCopyrightAttributeAssemblyCompanyAttributeRuntimeCompatibilityAttributeget_BlueGetValueSetValuevalueadd_MouseMoveScreenSaverForm_MouseMoveGeneralStudyGuide.exeget_Sizeset_Sizeset_AutoSizeset_ClientSizeIndexOfPaddingSystem.Runtime.VersioningToStringSubstringdisposingSystem.DrawingdwNewLongGetWindowLongSetWindowLongMathget_Widthwidthget_Lengthset_MaxLengthget_Blackadd_Ticklabel3_Clicklabel5_Clickadd_ClickokButton_ClickcancelButton_Clickadd_MouseClickScreenSaverForm_MouseClickset_IntervaltextLabelSystem.ComponentModeluser32.dllQuestionpoolContainerControlProgramSystemTrimRandomrandomScreenSaverFormSettingsFormresourceManget_PrimaryScreenwwlenMainset_MarginMessageBoxIconApplicationget_Locationset_LocationmouseLocationset_CausesValidationSystem.ConfigurationSystem.GlobalizationSystem.ReflectionControlCollectionset_StartPositionFormStartPositionCurrQuestionokButtoncancelButtonRunCultureInfoWordWrapWordwrapset_TopCharStringBuildersenderget_ResourceManagerMouseEventHandlerKeyPressEventHandlerSystem.CodeDom.CompilerQuestionTimerIContainerCurrentUserShowScreenSaverToLowerset_ForeColorset_BackColorset_UseVisualStyleBackColorCursor.ctor.cctorIntPtrAbsSystem.Diagnosticsget_Boundsset_BoundsSystem.Runtime.InteropServicesSystem.Runtime.CompilerServicesSystem.ResourcesScreenSaver.ScreenSaverForm.resourcesScreenSaver.SettingsForm.resourcesScreenSaver.Properties.Resources.resourcesDebuggingModesScreenSaver.PropertiesEnableVisualStylesLoadSettingsSaveSettingsMouseEventArgsKeyPressEventArgsargsget_ControlsSystem.Windows.Formsget_AllScreensset_AutoScaleDimensionsQuestionsMessageBoxButtonsposget_CharsAnswersadd_KeyPressScreenSaverForm_KeyPresscomponentsConcatlpRectGetClientRectObjectset_Leftget_HeightGraphicsUnitExitget_DefaultSetCompatibleTextRenderingDefaultset_DialogResultEnvironmentInitializeComponentSetParenthWndNewParentPointset_FontQuestionCountStartset_TopMostSuspendLayoutset_BackgroundImageLayoutResumeLayoutPerformLayoutNextSystem.Textget_Textset_TexttextShowget_Yellowmaxset_TabIndexnIndexMessageBoxset_MaximizeBoxTextBoxCreateSubKeyOpenSubKeyRegistryKeyget_AssemblyRegistryop_Equalityget_IsEmptyOn which of the following bands is a General Class license holder granted all amateur frequency privileges?}On which of the following bands is phone operation prohibited?On which of the following bands is image transmission prohibited? Which of the following amateur bands is restricted to communication on only specific channels, rather than frequency ranges?Which of the following frequencies is in the General Class portion of the 40-meter band?Which of the following frequencies is within the General Class portion of the 75-meter phone band?Which of the following frequencies is within the General Class portion of the 20-meter phone band?Which of the following frequencies is within the General Class portion of the 80-meter band?Which of the following frequencies is within the General Class portion of the 15-meter band?Which of the following frequencies is available to a control operator holding a General Class license?QWhen General Class licensees are not permitted to use the entire voice portion of a particular band, which portion of the voice segment is generally available to them? Which of the following applies when the FCC rules designate the Amateur Service as a secondary user on a band?7What is the appropriate action if, when operating on either the 30-meter or 60-meter bands, a station in the primary service interferes with your contact? In what ITU region is operation in the 7.175 to 7.300 MHz band permitted for a control operator holding an FCC issued General Class license?What is the maximum height above ground to which an antenna structure may be erected without requiring notification to the FAA and registration with the FCC, provided it is not at or near a public use airport?With which of the following conditions must beacon stations comply?Which of the following is a purpose of a beacon station as identified in the FCC rules?Which of the following must be true before amateur stations may provide communications to broadcasters for dissemination to the public?iWhen may music be transmitted by an amateur station?}When is an amateur station permitted to transmit secret codes?What are the restrictions on the use of abbreviations or procedural signals in the Amateur Service?When choosing a transmitting frequency, what should you do to comply with good amateur practice?When may an amateur station transmit communications in which the licensee or control operator has a pecuniary (monetary) interest?YWhat is the power limit for beacon stations?How does the FCC require an amateur station to be operated in all respects not specifically covered by the Part 97 rules?OWho or what determines 'good engineering and good amateur practice' as applied to the operation of an amateur station in all respects not covered by the Part 97 rules?What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz?What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on the 12-meter band? What is the maximum bandwidth permitted by FCC rules for Amateur Radio stations transmitting on USB frequencies in the 60-meter band?Which of the following limitations apply to transmitter power on every amateur band?Which of the following is a limitation on transmitter power on the 28 MHz band for a General Class control operator?Which of the following is a limitation on transmitter power on the 1.8 MHz band?What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmission on the 20-meter band?What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted at frequencies below 28 MHz? What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted on the 1.25-meter and 70-centimeter bands?What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 10-meter band?What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 2-meter band?Who may receive credit for the elements represented by an expired amateur radio license?What license examinations may you administer when you are an accredited VE holding a General Class operator license?On which of the following band segments may you operate if you are a Technician Class operator and have a CSCE for General Class privileges?Which of the following is a requirement for administering a Technician Class license examination?Which of the following must a person have before they can be an administering VE for a Technician Class license examination?When must you add the special identifier 'AG' after your call sign if you are a Technician Class licensee and have a CSCE for General Class operator privileges, but the FCC has not yet posted your upgrade on its website ?qVolunteer Examiners are accredited by what organization?Which of the following criteria must be met for a non-U.S. citizen to be an accredited Volunteer Examiner?How long is a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) valid for exam element credit?What is the minimum age that one must be to qualify as an accredited Volunteer Examiner?!If a person has an expired FCC issued amateur radio license of General Class or higher, what is required before they can receive a new license? Which of the following would disqualify a third party from participating in stating a message over an amateur station?When may a 10-meter repeater retransmit the 2-meter signal from a station having a Technician Class control operator?!What is required to conduct communications with a digital station operating under automatic control outside the automatic control band segments?=Which of the following conditions require a licensed Amateur Radio operator to take specific steps to avoid harmful interference to other users or facilities?What types of messages for a third party in another country may be transmitted by an amateur station?Which of the following applies in the event of interference between a coordinated repeater and an uncoordinated repeater?+With which foreign countries is third party traffic prohibited, except for messages directly involving emergencies or disaster relief communications?Which of the following is a requirement for a non-licensed person to communicate with a foreign Amateur Radio station from a station with an FCC-granted license at which an FCC licensed control operator is present?#What language must be used when identifying your station if you are using a language other than English in making a contact using phone emission?Which of the following is the FCC term for an unattended digital station that transfers messages to and from the Internet?/Under what circumstances are messages that are sent via digital modes exempt from Part 97 third party rules that apply to other modes of communication?3On what bands may automatically controlled stations transmitting RTTY or data emissions communicate with other automatically controlled digital stations?Which sideband is most commonly used for voice communications on frequencies of 14 MHz or higher?Which of the following modes is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-meter, 75-meter, and 40-meter bands?Which of the following is most commonly used for SSB voice communications in the VHF and UHF bands?Which mode is most commonly used for voice communications on the 17-meter and 12-meter bands?Which mode of voice communication is most commonly used on the HF amateur bands? Which of the following is an advantage when using single sideband as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands?Which of the following statements is true of the single sideband voice mode? Which of the following is a recommended way to break into a contact when using phone?Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-meter, 75-meter and 40-meter bands?Which of the following statements is true of voice VOX operation versus PTT operation?eWhat does the expression 'CQ DX' usually indicate?Which of the following is true concerning access to frequencies in non-emergency situations? What is the first thing you should do if you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in?!If propagation changes during your contact and you notice increasing interference from other activity on the same frequency, what should you do?!When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies?What is the customary minimum frequency separation between SSB signals under normal conditions?What is a practical way to avoid harmful interference on an apparently clear frequency before calling CQ on CW or phone?Which of the following complies with good amateur practice when choosing a frequency on which to initiate a call?cWhat is the 'DX window' in a voluntary band plan?Who may be the control operator of an amateur station transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster?When may the FCC restrict normal frequency operations of amateur stations participating in RACES?mWhat frequency should be used to send a distress call?When is an amateur station allowed to use any means at its disposal to assist another station in distress?Which of the following describes full break-in telegraphy (QSK)?_What should you do if a CW station sends 'QRS'?What does it mean when a CW operator sends 'KN' at the end of a transmission?GWhat does the Q signal 'QRL?' mean?What is the best speed to use when answering a CQ in Morse code?iWhat does the term 'zero beat' mean in CW operation?When sending CW, what does a 'C' mean when added to the RST report?What prosign is sent to indicate the end of a formal message when using CW? EWhat does the Q signal 'QSL' mean?EWhat does the Q signal 'QRN' mean?EWhat does the Q signal 'QRV' mean?SWhat is the Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC?Which of the following are objectives of the Amateur Auxiliary?What skills learned during hidden transmitter hunts are of help to the Amateur Auxiliary? {Which of the following describes an azimuthal projection map?#When is it permissible to communicate with amateur stations in countries outside the areas administered by the Federal Communications Commission?How is a directional antenna pointed when making a 'long-path' contact with another station?Which of the following is required by the FCC rules when operating in the 60-meter band?mWhat is a reason why many amateurs keep a station log?{What information is traditionally contained in a station log?-What is QRP operation?Which HF antenna would be the best to use for minimizing interference?Which mode is normally used when sending an RTTY signal via AFSK with an SSB transmitter?How can a PACTOR modem or controller be used to determine if the channel is in use by other PACTOR stations? What symptoms may result from other signals interfering with a PACTOR or WINMOR transmission?What segment of the 20-meter band is most often used for digital transmissions?What is the standard sideband used to generate a JT65 or JT9 digital signal when using AFSK in any amateur band?What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands?What segment of the 80-meter band is most commonly used for digital transmissions?In what segment of the 20-meter band are most PSK31 operations commonly found?How do you join a contact between two stations using the PACTOR protocol? Which of the following is a way to establish contact with a digital messaging system gateway station?What is indicated on a waterfall display by one or more vertical lines adjacent to a PSK31 signal?kWhich of the following describes a waterfall display?Which communication system sometimes uses the Internet to transfer messages?What could be wrong if you cannot decode an RTTY or other FSK signal even What is the significance of the sunspot number with regard to HF propagation?What effect does a Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance have on the daytime ionospheric propagation of HF radio waves?Approximately how long does it take the increased ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from solar flares to affect radio propagation on the Earth?Which of the following are least reliable for long distance communications during periods of low solar activity?;What is the solar flux index?9What is a geomagnetic storm?At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-meter band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours?Which of the following effects can a geomagnetic storm have on radio propagation?What effect does a high sunspot number have on radio communications?What causes HF propagation conditions to vary periodically in a 28 day cycle?iApproximately how long is the typical sunspot cycle??What does the K-index indicate?AWhat does the A-index indicate? How are radio communications usually affected by the charged particles that reach the Earth from solar coronal holes?How long does it take charged particles from coronal mass ejections to affect radio propagation on the Earth?What is a possible benefit to radio communications resulting from periods of high geomagnetic activity?How might a sky-wave signal sound if it arrives at your receiver by both short path and long path propagation?Which of the following is a good indicator of the possibility of sky-wave propagation on the 6-meter band?Which of the following applies when selecting a frequency for lowest attenuation when transmitting on HF?WWhat is a reliable way to determine if the MUF is high enough to support skip propagation between your station and a distant location on frequencies between 14 and 30 MHz?What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the MUF and above the LUF when they are sent into the ionosphere?What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the LUF?1What does LUF stand for?1What does MUF stand for?What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the F2 region?What is the approximate maximum distance along the Earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the E region?yWhat happens to HF propagation when the LUF exceeds the MUF?MWhat factor or factors affect the MUF?Which ionospheric layer is closest to the surface of the Earth?Where on the Earth do ionospheric layers reach their maximum height?Why is the F2 region mainly responsible for the longest distance radio wave propagation?What does the term 'critical angle' mean as used in radio wave propagation?Why is long distance communication on the 40-meter, 60-meter, 80-meter and 160-meter bands more difficult during the day?_What is a characteristic of HF scatter signals?iWhat makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted?sWhy are HF scatter signals in the skip zone usually weak?EWhat type of radio wave propagation allows a signal to be detected at a distance too far for ground wave propagation but too near for normal sky-wave propagation?Which of the following might be an indication that signals heard on the HF bands are being received via scatter propagation?Which of the following antenna types will be most effective for skip communications on 40-meters during the day?Which ionospheric layer is the most absorbent of long skip signals during daylight hours on frequencies below 10 MHz?yWhat is Near Vertical Incidence Sky-wave (NVIS) propagation?What is the purpose of the 'notch filter' found on many HF transceivers?What is one advantage of selecting the opposite or 'reverse' sideband when receiving CW signals on a typical HF transceiver?What is normally meant by operating a transceiver in 'split' mode? What reading on the plate current meter of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of the plate tuning control?What is a reason to use Automatic Level Control (ALC) with an RF power amplifier?What type of device is often used to match transmitter output impedance to an impedance not equal to 50 ohms?What condition can lead to permanent damage to a solid-state RF power amplifier?What is the correct adjustment for the load or coupling control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier?Why is a time delay sometimes included in a transmitter keying circuit?WWhat is the purpose of an electronic keyer?Which of the following is a use for the IF shift control on a receiver?Which of the following is a common use for the dual VFO feature on a transceiver? What is one reason to use the attenuator function that is present on many HF transceivers?)What is likely to happen if a transceivers ALC system is not set properly when transmitting AFSK signals with the radio using single sideband mode?9Which of the following can be a symptom of transmitted RF being picked up by an audio cable carrying AFSK data signals between a computer and a transceiver?What item of test equipment contains horizontal and vertical channel amplifiers?Which of the following is an advantage of an oscilloscope versus a digital voltmeter?Which of the following is the best instrument to use when checking the keying waveform of a CW transmitter?What signal source is connected to the vertical input of an oscilloscope when checking the RF envelope pattern of a transmitted signal?mWhy is high input impedance desirable for a voltmeter?What is an advantage of a digital voltmeter as compared to an analog voltmeter?cWhat signals are used to conduct a two-tone test?Which of the following instruments may be used to monitor relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments?Which of the following can be determined with a field strength meter?Which of the following can be determined with a directional wattmeter?Which of the following must be connected to an antenna analyzer when it is being used for SWR measurements?What problem can occur when making measurements on an antenna system with an antenna analyzer? What is a use for an antenna analyzer other than measuring the SWR of an antenna system? What is an instance in which the use of an instrument with analog readout may be preferred over an instrument with a digital readout?What type of transmitter performance does a two-tone test analyze?Which of the following might be useful in reducing RF interference to audio frequency devices?Which of the following could be a cause of interference covering a wide range of frequencies? What sound is heard from an audio device or telephone if there is interference from a nearby single sideband phone transmitter?What is the effect on an audio device or telephone system if there is interference from a nearby CW transmitter?OWhat might be the problem if you receive an RF burn when touching your equipment while transmitting on an HF band, assuming the equipment is connected to a ground rod?uWhat effect can be caused by a resonant ground connection?What is one good way to avoid unwanted effects of stray RF energy in an amateur station?Which of the following would reduce RF interference caused by common-mode current on an audio cable?CHow can a ground loop be avoided?What could be a symptom of a ground loop somewhere in your station?Which of the following is a function of a digital signal processor?Which of the following is an advantage of a receiver DSP IF filter as compared to an analog filter? Which of the following can perform automatic notching of interfering carriers?What is the purpose of a speech processor as used in a modern transceiver?Which of the following describes how a speech processor affects a transmitted single sideband phone signal?Which of the following can be the result of an incorrectly adjusted speech processor?;What does an S meter measure?How does a signal that reads 20 dB over S9 compare to one that reads S9 on a receiver, assuming a properly calibrated S meter?5Where is an S meter found?How much must the power output of a transmitter be raised to change theWhat frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz LSB signal when the displayed carrier frequency is set to 7.178 MHz? What frequency range is occupied by a 3 kHz USB signal with the displayed carrier frequency set to 14.347 MHz?How close to the loweredge of the 40-meter General Class phone segment should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wideLSB? How close to the upper edge of the 20-meter General Class band should your displayed carrier frequency be when using 3 kHz wideUSB? {What is the purpose of a capacitance hat on a mobile antenna?yWhat is the purpose of a corona ball on a HF mobile antenna?Which of the following direct, fused power connections would be the best for a 100 watt HF mobile installation? Why is it best NOT to draw the DC power for a 100 watt HF transceiver from a vehicles auxiliary power socket?Which of the following most limits the effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75-meter band?What is one disadvantage of using a shortened mobile antenna as opposed to a full size antenna?Which of the following may cause interference to be heard in the receiver of an HF radio installed in a recent model vehicle?What is the name of the process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity?What is the approximate open-circuit voltage from a fully illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell?What is the reason that a series diode is connected between a solar panel and a storage battery that is being charged by the panel?Which of the following is a disadvantage of using wind as the primary source of power for an emergency station?%What is impedance?%What is reactance?Which of the following causes opposition to the flow of alternating current in an inductor?Which of the following causes opposition to the flow of alternating current in a capacitor?CHow does an inductor react to AC?CHow does a capacitor react to AC?%What happens when the impedance of an electrical load is equal to the output impedance of a power source, assuming both impedances are resistive? IWhy is impedance matching important?OWhat unit is used to measure reactance?OWhat unit is used to measure impedance?Which of the following describes one method of impedance matching between two AC circuits?yWhat is one reason to use an impedance matching transformer?Which of the following devices can be used for impedance matching at radio frequencies?What dB change represents a two-times increase or decrease in power?How does the total current relate to the individual currents in each branch of a purely resistive parallel circuit?How many watts of electrical power are used if 400 VDC is supplied to an 800 ohm load?How many watts of electrical power are used by a 12 VDC light bulb that draws 0.2 amperes?How many watts are dissipated when a current of 7.0 milliamperes flows through 1.25 kilohms resistance?9What is the output PEP from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm dummy load connected to the transmitter output?What value of an AC signal produces the same power dissipation in a resistor as a DC voltage of the same value? What is the RMS voltage of a sine wave with a value of 17 volts peak? What percentage of power loss would result from a transmission line loss of 1 dB?What is the ratio of peak envelope power to average power for an unmodulated carrier?What would be the RMS voltage across a 50 ohm dummy load dissipating 1200 watts?What is the output PEP of an unmodulated carrier if an average reading wattmeter connected to the transmitter output indicates 1060 watts?AWhat is the output PEP from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50 ohm resistive load connected to the transmitter output?!What causes a voltage to appear across the secondary winding of a transformer when an AC voltage source is connected across its primary winding?What happens if you reverse the primary and secondary windings of a 4:1 voltage step down transformer?Which of the following components should be added to an existing resistor to increase the resistance?What is the total resistance of three 100 ohm resistors in parallel?If three equal value resistors in series produce 450 ohms, what is the value of each resistor?What is the RMS voltage across a 500-turn secondary winding in a transformer if the 2250-turn primary is connected to 120 VAC?What is the turns ratio of a transformer used to match an audio amplifier having 600 ohm output impedance to a speaker having 4 ohm impedance?What is the equivalent capacitance of two 5.0 nanofarad capacitors and one 750 picofarad capacitor connected in parallel?What is the capacitance of three 100 microfarad capacitors connected in series?What is the inductance of three 10 millihenry inductors connected in parallel?What is the inductance of a 20 millihenry inductor connected in series with a 50 millihenry inductor?What is the capacitance of a 20 microfarad capacitor connected in series with a 50 microfarad capacitor?Which of the following components should be added to a capacitor to increase the capacitance?Which of the following components should be added to an inductor to increase the inductance?What is the total resistance of a 10 ohm, a 20 ohm, and a 50 ohm resistor connected in parallel?!Why is the conductor of the primary winding of many voltage step up transformers larger in diameter than the conductor of the secondary winding?}What is the value in nanofarads (nF) of a 22,000 pF capacitor?What is the value in microfarads of a 4700 nanofarad (nF) capacitor? What is the minimum allowable discharge voltage for maximum life of a standard 12 volt lead acid battery?What is an advantage of the low internal resistance of nickel-cadmium batteries?What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a germanium diode?{When is it acceptable to recharge a carbon-zinc primary cell?What is the approximate junction threshold voltage of a conventional silicon diode?Which of the following is an advantage of using a Schottky diode in an RF switching circuit rather than a standard silicon diode?What are the stable operating points for a bipolar transistor used as a switch in a logic circuit?Why must the cases of some large power transistors be insulated from ground?}Which of the following describes the construction of a MOSFET?Which element of a triode vacuum tube is used to regulate the flow of electrons between cathode and plate?Which of the following solid state devices is most like a vacuum tube in its general operating characteristics?}What is the primary purpose of a screen grid in a vacuum tube?Why is the polarity of applied voltages important for polarized capacitors?Which of the following is an advantage of ceramic capacitors as compared to other types of capacitors?What will happen to the resistance if the temperature of a resistor is increased?Which of the following is a reason not to use wire-wound resistors in an RF circuit?What is an advantage of using a ferrite core toroidal inductor?How should the winding axes of two solenoid inductors be oriented to minimize their mutual inductance?oWhich of the following is an analog integrated circuit??What is meant by the term MMIC?Which of the following is an advantage of CMOS integrated circuits compared to TTL integrated circuits?=What is meant by the term ROM?wWhat is meant when memory is characterized as non-volatile?What kind of device is an integrated circuit operational amplifier?Which of the following is an advantage of an LED indicator compared to an incandescent indicator?SHow is an LED biased when emitting light?Which of the following is a characteristic of a liquid crystal display?What two devices in an Amateur Radio station might be connected using a USB interface?3What is a microprocessor?Which of the following connectors would be a good choice for a serial data port?Which of these connector types is commonly used for RF connections at frequencies up to 150 MHz? Which of these connector types is commonly used for audio signals in Amateur Radio stations? What is the main reason to use keyed connectors instead of non-keyed types?iWhich of the following describes a type N connector?qWhat is the general description of a DIN type connector?;What is a type SMA connector?SG7A Power supplies; and schematic symbolsWhich of the following components are used in a power supply filter network?What is the peak-inverse-voltage across the rectifiers in a full-wave bridge power supply?What is the peak-inverse-voltage across the rectifier in a half-wave power supply?What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a half-wave rectifier?What portion of the AC cycle is converted to DC by a full-wave rectifier?What is the output waveform of an unfiltered full-wave rectifier connected to a resistive load?Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents a field effect transistor?kWhich symbol in figure G7-1 represents a Zener diode?Which symbol in figure G7-1 represents an NPN junction transistor?Which symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a multiple-winding transformer?sWhich symbol in Figure G7-1 represents a tapped inductor?Complex digital circuitry can often be replaced by what type of integrated circuit?Which of the following is an advantage of using the binary system when processing digital signals?Which of the following describes the function of a two input AND gate?Which of the following describes the function of a two input NOR gate?cHow many states does a 3-bit binary counter have?3What is a shift register?What are the basic components of virtually all sine wave oscillators?uHow is the efficiency of an RF power amplifier determined?eWhat determines the frequency of an LC oscillator?Which of the following is a characteristic of a Class A amplifier?For which of the following modes is a Class C power stage appropriate for amplifying a modulated signal?Which of these classes of amplifiers has the highest efficiency?What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter?iWhich of the following describes a linear amplifier?+Which of the following is used to process signals from the balanced modulator then send them to the mixer in some single sideband phone transmitters?QWhich circuit is used to combine signals from the carrier oscillator and speech amplifier then send the result to the filter in some single sideband phone transmitters?/What circuit is used to process signals from the RF amplifier and local oscillator then send the result to the IF filter in a superheterodyne receiver?!What circuit is used to combine signals from the IF amplifier and BFO and send the result to the AF amplifier in some single sideband receivers?Which of the following is an advantage of a transceiver controlled by a direct digital synthesizer (DDS)?What should be the impedance of a low-pass filter as compared to the impedance of the transmission line into which it is inserted? What is the simplest combination of stages that implement a superheterodyne receiver?What type of circuit is used in many FM receivers to convert signals coming from the IF amplifier to audio?Which of the following is needed for a Digital Signal Processor IF filter?oHow is Digital Signal Processor filtering accomplished?sWhat is meant by the term 'software defined radio' (SDR)??How is an FSK signal generated?What is the name of the process that changes the phase angle of an RF wave to convey information?What is the name of the process that changes the instantaneous frequency of an RF wave to convey information?What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to a transmitter RF amplifier stage?What type of modulation varies the instantaneous power level of the RF signal?What is one advantage of carrier suppression in a single sideband phone transmission versus full carrier amplitude modulation?Which of the following phone emissions uses the narrowest bandwidth?mWhich of the following is an effect of overmodulation?What control is typically adjusted for proper ALC setting on an amateur single sideband transceiver?What is meant by the term flat-topping when referring to a single sideband phone transmission?cWhat is the modulation envelope of an AM signal? 'What receiver stage combines a 14.250 MHz input signal with a 13.795 MHz oscillator signal to produce a 455 kHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal?If a receiver mixes a 13.800 MHz VFO with a 14.255 MHz received signal to produce a 455 kHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal, what type of interference will a 13.345 MHz signal produce in the receiver?mWhat is another term for the mixing of two RF signals?What is the stage in a VHF FM transmitter that generates a harmonic of a lower frequency signal to reach the desired operating frequency?What is the approximate bandwidth of a PACTOR3 signal at maximum data rate?What is the total bandwidth of an FM phone transmission having 5 kHz deviation and 3 kHz modulating frequency? What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21 MHz reactance modulated oscillator in a 5 kHz deviation, 146.52 MHz FM phone transmitter?Why is it important to know the duty cycle of the mode you are using when transmitting?Why is it good to match receiver bandwidth to the bandwidth of the operating mode?What is the relationship between transmitted symbol rate and bandwidth?Which of the following digital modes is designed to operate at extremely low signal strength on the HF bands? What part of a data packet contains the routing and handling information?[Which of the following describes Baudot code?In the PACTOR protocol, what is meant by an NAK response to a transmitted packet?What action results from a failure to exchange information due to excessive transmission attempts when using PACTOR or WINMOR? How does the receiving station respond to an ARQ data mode packet containing errors?mWhich of the following statements is true about PSK31?[What does the number 31 represent in 'PSK31'?How does forward error correction (FEC) allow the receiver to correct errors in received data packets?How are the two separate frequencies of a Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) signal identified?Which type of code is used for sending characters in a PSK31 signal?Which of the following factors determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel conductor antenna feed line?What are the typical characteristic impedances of coaxial cables used for antenna feed lines at amateur stations?What is the characteristic impedance of flat ribbon TV type twinlead?What might cause reflected power at the point where a feed line connects to an antenna?How does the attenuation of coaxial cable change as the frequency of the signal it is carrying increases?kIn what units is RF feed line loss usually expressed?What must be done to prevent standing waves on an antenna feed line?gIf the SWR on an antenna feed line is 5 to 1, and a matching network at the transmitter end of the feed line is adjusted to 1 to 1 SWR, what is the resulting SWR on the feed line?What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 200 ohm impedance?What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 10 ohm impedance?What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 50 ohm impedance?What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to a non-reactive load having 25 ohm impedance?What standing wave ratio will result when connecting a 50 ohm feed line to an antenna that has a purely resistive 300 ohm feed point impedance?What is the interaction between high standing wave ratio (SWR) and transmission line loss?What is the effect of transmission line loss on SWR measured at the input to the line?What is one disadvantage of a directly fed random-wire HF antenna?-Which of the following is a common way to adjust the feed point impedance of a quarter wave ground plane vertical antenna to be approximately 50 ohms? What happens to the feed point impedance of a ground plane antenna when its radials are changed from horizontal to sloping downward?What is the radiation pattern of a dipole antenna in free space in the plane of the conductor?How does antenna height affect the horizontal (azimuthal) radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna?Where should the radial wires of a ground-mounted vertical antenna system be placed?How does the feed point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole antenna change as the antenna is lowered below 1/4 wave above ground?How does the feed point impedance of a 1/2 wave dipole change as the feed point is moved from the center toward the ends?Which of the following is an advantage of a horizontally polarized as compared to a vertically polarized HF antenna?What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 14.250 MHz?What is the approximate length for a 1/2 wave dipole antenna cut for 3.550 MHz?What is the approximate length for a 1/4 wave vertical antenna cut for 28.5 MHz?Which of the following would increase the bandwidth of a Yagi antenna?What is the approximate length of the driven element of a Yagi antenna?Which statement about a three-element, single-band Yagi antenna is true?How does increasing boom length and adding directors affect a Yagi antenna?]What configuration of the loops of a two-element quad antenna must be used for the antenna to operate as a beam antenna, assuming one of the elements is used as a reflector? What does 'front-to-back ratio' mean in reference to a Yagi antenna?qWhat is meant by the 'main lobe' of a directive antenna?QHow does the gain of two 3-element horizontally polarized Yagi antennas spaced vertically 1/2 wavelength apart typically compare to the gain of a single 3-element Yagi?#Which of the following is a Yagi antenna design variable that could be adjusted to optimize forward gain, front-to-back ratio, or SWR bandwidth? {What is the purpose of a gamma match used with Yagi antennas?Which of the following is an advantage of using a gamma match for impedance matching of a Yagi antenna to 50 ohm coax feed line?Approximately how long is each side of the driven element of a quad antenna?How does the forward gain of a two-element quad antenna compare to the forward gain of a three-element Yagi antenna?Approximately how long is each side of the reflector element of a quad antenna?How does the gain of a two-element delta-loop beam compare to the gain of a two-element quad antenna?Approximately how long is each leg of a symmetrical delta-loop antenna?What happens when the feed point of a quad antenna of any shape is moved from the midpoint of the top or bottom to the midpoint of either side?How does antenna gain stated in dBi compare to gain stated in dBd for the same antenna?What is meant by the terms dBi and dBd when referring to antenna gain?iWhat does the term NVIS mean as related to antennas?uWhich of the following is an advantage of an NVIS antenna?At what height above ground is an NVIS antenna typically installed?[What is the primary purpose of antenna traps?What is an advantage of vertical stacking of horizontally polarized Yagi antennas?Which of the following is an advantage of a log periodic antenna?qWhich of the following describes a log periodic antenna?iWhy is a Beverage antenna not used for transmitting?Which of the following is an application for a Beverage antenna?iWhich of the following describes a Beverage antenna?Which of the following is a disadvantage of multiband antennas?yWhat is one way that RF energy can affect human body tissue?Which of the following properties is important in estimating whether an RF signal exceeds the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)?How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?What does 'time averaging' mean in reference to RF radiation exposure?What must you do if an evaluation of your station shows RF energy radiated from your station exceeds permissible limits?What precaution should be taken when installing a ground-mounted antenna?What effect does transmitter duty cycle have when evaluating RF exposure? [Which of the following steps must an amateur operator take to ensure compliance with RF safety regulations when transmitter power exceeds levels specified in FCC Part 97.13?What type of instrument can be used to accurately measure an RF field?]What is one thing that can be done if evaluation shows that a neighbor might receive more than the allowable limit of RF exposure from the main lobe of a directional antenna?What precaution should you take if you install an indoor transmitting antenna?What precaution should you take whenever you make adjustments or repairs to an antenna?7Which wire or wires in a four-conductor connection should be attached to fuses or circuit breakers in a device operated from a 240 VAC single phase source?What is the minimum wire size that may be safely used for a circuit that draws up to 20 amperes of continuous current?Which size of fuse or circuit breaker would be appropriate to use with a circuit that uses AWG number 14 wiring? Which of the following is a primary reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area?'Which of the following conditions will cause a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) to disconnect the 120 or 240 Volt AC line power to a device?Why must the metal enclosure of every item of station equipment be grounded?Which of these choices should be observed when climbing a tower using a safety belt or harness?What should be done by any person preparing to climb a tower that supports electrically powered devices?Why should soldered joints not be used with the wires that connect the base of a tower to a system of ground rods?qWhich of the following is a danger from lead-tin solder?Which of the following is good practice for lightning protection grounds?aWhat is the purpose of a power supply interlock?What must you do when powering your house from an emergency generator?Which of the following is covered by the National Electrical Code?Which of the following is true of an emergency generator installation?E160, 60, 30, 17, 12, and 10 meters30 meters60 meters7.250 MHz3900 kHz14305 kHz3560 kHz21300 kHzAAll of these choices are correct/The upper frequency endAmateur stations are allowed to use the band only if they do not cause harmful interference to primary users]Move to a clear frequency or stop transmittingRegion 2200 feetThere must be no more than one beacon signal transmitting in the same band from the same station locationQObservation of propagation and receptionThe communications must directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property and there must be no other means of communication reasonably available before or at the time of the eventWhen it is an incidental part of a manned space craft retransmission5To control a space stationThey may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message)When other amateurs are being notified of the sale of apparatus normally used in an amateur station and such activity is not done on a regular basis)100 watts PEP output}In conformance with good engineering and good amateur practiceThe FCC)200 watts PEP output+1500 watts PEP output2.8 kHzOnly the minimum power necessary to carry out the desired communications should be used300 baud300 baud 56 kilobaud 1200 baud19.6 kilobaud'Any person who can demonstrate that they once held an FCC issued General, Advanced, or Amateur Extra class license that was not revoked by the FCC Technician only_On any General or Technician Class band segmentAt least three General Class or higher VEs must observe the examination yAn FCC General Class or higher license and VEC accreditation}Whenever you operate using General Class frequency privileges AA Volunteer Examiner CoordinatorThe person must hold an FCC granted Amateur Radio license of General Class or above365 days18 yearsgThe applicant must pass the current element 2 exam The third partys amateur license has been revoked and not reinstated Only if the 10-meter repeater control operator holds at least a General Class licenseThe station initiating the contact must be under local or remote controlOnly messages relating to Amateur Radio or remarks of a personal character, or messages relating to emergencies or disaster reliefThe licensee of the uncoordinated repeater has primary responsibility to resolve the interferenceEvery foreign country, unless there is a third party agreement in effect with that countryThe foreign amateur station must be in a country with which the United States has a third party agreementEnglish onlyQAutomatically controlled digital station-Under no circumstancesAnywhere in the 1.25-meter or shorter wavelength bands, and in specified segments of the 80-meter through 2-meter bands Upper sidebandLower sidebandUpper sideband !Single sideband cLess bandwidth used and greater power efficiency Only one sideband is transmitted; the other sideband and carrier are suppressed Say your call sign during a break between transmissions by the other stationsCurrent amateur practice is to use lower sideband on these frequency bandsAIt allows 'hands free' operationThe caller is looking for any station outside their own countryExcept during FCC declared emergencies, no one has priority access to frequencies Acknowledge the station in distress and determine what assistance may be needed{As a common courtesy, move your contact to another frequency 150 to 500 Hz )Approximately 3 kHz Send 'QRL?' on CW, followed by your call sign; or, if using phone, ask if the frequency is in use, followed by your call signFollow the voluntary band plan for the operating mode you intend to useA portion of the band that should not be used for contacts between stations within the 48 contiguous United States yOnly a person holding an FCC issued amateur operator licensewWhen the Presidents War Emergency Powers have been invokedWhichever frequency has the best chance of communicating the distress messageMAt any time during an actual emergencyTransmitting stations can receive between code characters and elementsSend slowercListening only for a specific station or stations_'Are you busy?', or 'Is this frequency in use?'EThe speed at which the CQ was sentMatching your transmit frequency to the frequency of a received signal3Chirpy or unstable signalAR+I acknowledge receipt/I am troubled by static=I am ready to receive messagesAmateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations To encourage self-regulation and compliance with the rules by radio amateur operators {Direction finding used to locate stations violating FCC RulesA map that shows true bearings and distances from a particular location #When the contact is with amateurs in any country except those whose administrations have notified the ITU that they object to such communicationsO180 degrees from its short-path headingIf you are using other than a dipole antenna, you must keep a record of the gain of your antennaiTo help with a reply if the FCC requests information9Low power transmit operation+A directional antennaLSBPut the modem or controller in a mode which allows monitoring communications without a connection CAll of these choices are correct '14.070 - 14.100 MHzUSB 170 Hz3570 3600 kHzOBelow the RTTY segment, near 14.070 MHzJoining an existing contact is not possible, PACTOR connections are limited to two stations Transmit a connect message on the stations published frequency OvermodulationFrequency is horizontal, signal strength is intensity, time is verticalWinlink Higher sunspot numbers generally indicate a greater probability of good propagation at higher frequenciesIt disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies 8 minutesE15 meters, 12 meters and 10 meterswA measure of solar radiation at 10.7 centimeters wavelengthiA temporary disturbance in the Earth's magnetosphere?At any point in the solar cycleKDegraded high-latitude HF propagationLong-distance communication in the upper HF and lower VHF range is enhanced=The Suns rotation on its axis11 yearsmThe short term stability of the Earths magnetic fieldqThe long term stability of the Earths geomagnetic field?HF communications are disturbed20 to 40 hoursIAuroras that can reflect VHF signalsEA well-defined echo might be heardiShort skip sky-wave propagation on the 10-meter bandKSelect a frequency just below the MUFListen for signals from an international beacon in the frequency range you plan to use?They are bent back to the Earth]They are completely absorbed by the ionosphereThe Lowest Usable Frequency for communications between two pointsThe Maximum Usable Frequency for communications between two points2,500 miles1,200 miles No HF radio frequency will support ordinary sky-wave communications over the pathThe D layer3Where the Sun is overheadYBecause it is the highest ionospheric regionThe highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to the Earth under specific ionospheric conditions The D layer absorbs signals at these frequencies during daylight hours5They have a wavering soundEnergy is scattered into the skip zone through several different radio wave pathsOnly a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zoneScatterThe signal is heard on a frequency above the Maximum Usable FrequencyA horizontal dipole placed between 1/8 and 1/4 wavelength above the groundShort distance MF or HF propagation using high elevation angles{To reduce interference from carriers in the receiver passbandIt may be possible to reduce or eliminate interference from other signalsThe transceiver is set to different transmit and receive frequencies!A pronounced dipWTo reduce distortion due to excessive driveAAntenna coupler or antenna tuner+Excessive drive powerMaximum power output without exceeding maximum allowable plate currentTo allow time for transmit-receive changeover operations to complete properly before RF output is allowedAutomatic generation of strings of dots and dashes for CW operation To avoid interference from stations very close to the receive frequencycTo permit monitoring of two different frequenciesqTo reduce signal overload due to strong incoming signalsImproper action of ALC distorts the signal and can cause spurious emissionsAn oscilloscopeCComplex waveforms can be measuredWThe attenuated RF output of the transmittergIt decreases the loading on circuits being measured=Better precision for most usesUTwo non-harmonically related audio signals-A field strength meterGThe radiation pattern of an antenna'Standing wave ratio-Antenna and feed line Strong signals from nearby transmitters can affect the accuracy of measurements Determining the impedance of an unknown or unmarked coaxial cable;When adjusting tuned circuitsLinearity !Bypass capacitorOArcing at a poor electrical connection !Distorted speech=On-and-off humming or clickingiThe ground wire has high impedance on that frequencyoHigh RF voltages on the enclosures of station equipmentOConnect all equipment grounds together QPlacing a ferrite choke around the cable_Connect all ground conductors to a single pointYou receive reports of 'hum' on your station's transmitted signalKTo remove noise from received signalswA wide range of filter bandwidths and shapes can be createdOA Digital Signal Processor (DSP) filterIncrease the intelligibility of transmitted phone signals during poor conditions 5It increases average power1Received signal strength;It is 100 times more powerfulIn a receiver+Approximately 4 times%7.175 to 7.178 MHz)14.347 to 14.350 MHzYAt least 3 kHz above the edge of the segmentSAt least 3 kHz below the edge of the bandgTo electrically lengthen a physically short antennayTo reduce high voltage discharge from the tip of the antennaMTo the battery using heavy gauge wire The socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current drawn by the transceiver%The antenna systemOOperating bandwidth may be very limited/Photovoltaic conversion0.5 VDCThe diode prevents self-discharge of the battery though the panel during times of low or no illuminationA large energy storage system is needed to supply power when the wind is not blowingmThe opposition to the flow of current in an AC circuitOpposition to the flow of alternating current caused by capacitance or inductanceReactanceAs the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increasesAs the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreasesaThe source can deliver maximum power to the loadgSo the source can deliver maximum power to the loadOhm[Insert an LC network between the two circuitsCTo maximize the transfer of power%Approximately 3 dBmIt equals the sum of the currents through each branch 200 watts2.4 watts7Approximately 61 milliwatts100 wattsThe RMS value 12 volts 20.5 percent 1.00245 volts1060 watts625 watts#Mutual inductancesThe secondary voltage becomes 4 times the primary voltage)A resistor in series33.3 ohms150 ohms26.7 volts12.2 to 1#10.750 nanofarads!33.3 microfarads3.3 millihenrys70 millihenrys!14.3 microfarads/A capacitor in parallel+An inductor in series5.9 ohmsaTo accommodate the higher current of the primary#22 nF  4.7 F10.5 volts-High discharge current0.3 volts Never0.7 volts#Lower capacitanceCIts saturation and cutoff regionsuTo avoid shorting the collector or drain voltage to groundThe gate is separated from the channel with a thin insulating layerControl grid3A field effect transistorGTo reduce grid-to-plate capacitance-Comparatively low costIt will change depending on the resistor's temperature coefficientThe resistor's inductance could make circuit performance unpredictable;At right angles to each other1Linear voltage regulatorOMonolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit+Low power consumption!Read Only Memory{The stored information is maintained even if power is removed AnalogForward BiasedIIt requires ambient or back lighting1Computer and transceiverSA computer on a single integrated circuit DE-9 PL-259RCA PhonoEReduced chance of incorrect matingeA moisture-resistant RF connector useful to 10 GHzA family of multiple circuit connectors suitable for audio and control signalsA small threaded connector suitable for signals up to several GHzIIt acts as a fuse for excess voltage1Capacitors and inductorswEqual to the normal peak output voltage of the power supplyyTwo times the normal peak output voltage of the power supply180 degrees360 degreesyA series of DC pulses at twice the frequency of the AC inputSymbol 1Symbol 5Symbol 2Symbol 6Symbol 7MicrocontrollerBinary 'ones' and 'zeros' are easy to represent by an 'on' or 'off' state[Output is high only when both inputs are highcOutput is low when either or both inputs are high8A clocked array of circuits that passes data in steps along the arrayoA filter and an amplifier operating in a feedback loop aDivide the RF output power by the DC input powereThe inductance and capacitance in the tank circuitLow distortionCWClass C=To eliminate self-oscillations{An amplifier in which the output preserves the input waveformFilter %Balanced modulator Mixer#Product detector {Variable frequency with the stability of a crystal oscillatorAbout the same=HF oscillator, mixer, detectorDiscriminatorIAll of the these choices are correctBy converting the signal from analog to digital and using digital processingA radio in which most major signal processing functions are performed by softwareBy changing an oscillators frequency directly with a digital control signal!Phase modulation)Frequency modulation)Amplitude modulationqAvailable transmitter power can be used more effectivelySingle sideband'Excessive bandwidthCTransmit audio or microphone gainWSignal distortion caused by excessive driveThe waveform created by connecting the peak values of the modulated signalImage responseHeterodyningMultiplier2300 Hz 16 kHz416.7 HzSome modes have high duty cycles which could exceed the transmitter's average power rating.YIt results in the best signal to noise ratioWHigher symbol rates require wider bandwidthJT9 and JT65 HeaderaA 5-bit code with additional start and stop bitsmThe receiver is requesting the packet be retransmitted3The connection is droppedOIt requests the packet be retransmittedUpper case letters use longer Varicode signals and thus slow down transmissionOThe approximate transmitted symbol rategBy transmitting redundant information with the dataMark and SpaceVaricodeThe distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius of the conductors50 and 75 ohms300 ohmsA difference between feed line impedance and antenna feed point impedance+Attenuation increases+Decibels per 100 feetThe antenna feed point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line 5 to 14:15:11:12:16:1If a transmission line is lossy, high SWR will increase the loss The higher the transmission line loss, the more the SWR will read artificially lowYou may experience RF burns when touching metal objects in your station 5Slope the radials downwardIt increasesgIt is a figure-eight at right angles to the antennaIf the antenna is less than 1/2 wavelength high, the azimuthal pattern is almost omnidirectionalOn the surface of the Earth or buried a few inches below the ground+It steadily decreases+It steadily increases?Lower ground reflection losses 32 feet131 feet 8 feet1Larger diameter elements1/2 wavelength[The director is normally the shortest element[The reflector is normally the longest elementGain increasesThe reflector element must be approximately 5 percent longer than the driven elementThe power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the power radiated in exactly the opposite directionThe direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna3Approximately 3 dB higherwTo match the relatively low feed point impedance to 50 ohmsIt does not require that the elements be insulated from the boom1/4 wavelengthCSlightly more than 1/4 wavelength1/3 wavelengthThe polarization of the radiated signal changes from horizontal to verticalsdBi gain figures are 2.15 dB higher than dBd gain figuresdBi refers to an isotropic antenna, dBd refers to a dipole antennaANear Vertical Incidence sky-waveHigh vertical angle radiation for working stations within a radius of a few hundred kilometers?Between 1/10 and 1/4 wavelength;To permit multiband operationKIt narrows the main lobe in elevationWide bandwidthLength and spacing of the elements increase logarithmically from one end of the boom to the othermIt has high losses compared to other types of antennasMDirectional receiving for low HF bandscA very long and low directional receiving antennaCThey have poor harmonic rejection)It heats body tissueeThe total RF exposure averaged over a certain timeTake action to prevent human exposure to the excessive RF fieldsIt should be installed such that it is protected against unauthorized accessA lower transmitter duty cycle permits greater short-term exposure levelsQPerform a routine RF exposure evaluationwA calibrated field strength meter with a calibrated antennaTake precautions to ensure that the antenna cannot be pointed in their directionyMake sure that MPE limits are not exceeded in occupied areaskTurn off the transmitter and disconnect the feed lineIOnly the two wires carrying voltage AWG number 1215 amperesGDanger of carbon monoxide poisoningCurrent flowing from one or more of the voltage-carrying wires directly to groundIt ensures that hazardous voltages cannot appear on the chassisConfirm that the belt is rated for the weight of the climber and that it is within its allowable service lifeMake sure all circuits that supply power to the tower are locked out and taggedA soldered joint will likely be destroyed by the heat of a lightning strikeLead can contaminate food if hands are not washed carefully after handling the soldergThey must be bonded together with all other groundsTo ensure that dangerous voltages are removed if the cabinet is openedUDisconnect the incoming utility power feedMElectrical safety inside the ham shackuThe generator should be located in a well-ventilated area 5SOFTWARE\Radio_test_screen5 speed)Microsoft Sans Serif label1Study Guide label2WWW.RANDL.COMokButtonOKcancelButton CanceltextBox1 label3Seconds label4 Speed label5/Question Display TimingSettingsForm)ScreenSaver Settings Arial'General Study GuidetextLabeltextLabel2textLabel1ScreenSaverForm Form1/c/poSorry, but the expected window handle was not provided.ScreenSaver/sMSorry, but the command line argument "" is not valid.AScreenSaver.Properties.ResourcesW{<@1?E"       E   E E  ]] ]        i              qq    q] q   i M      I %)   15 9 9==z\V4?_ :MQUYeim  aq  u y  TWrapNonExceptionThrowsStudy Guide Screen Saver General ClassR and L ElectronicsStudy Guide ScreensaverCopyright © 2016)$b05a44d5-ef0f-4004-9ab2-894af28dc7d6 1.0.2.4e).NETFramework,Version=v4.0,Profile=ClientTFrameworkDisplayName.NET Framework 4 Client Profile@3System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder4.0.0.0YKMicrosoft.VisualStudio.Editors.SettingsDesigner.SettingsSingleFileGenerator10.0.0.0lSystem.Resources.ResourceReader, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089#System.Resources.RuntimeResourceSetPADPADPlSystem.Resources.ResourceReader, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089#System.Resources.RuntimeResourceSetPADPADPlSystem.Resources.ResourceReader, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089#System.Resources.RuntimeResourceSetPADPADPX VxUx7RSDS3KH@X̽2|E:\Projects - Programming\ScreenSaver\ScreenSaver\obj\x86\Release\GeneralStudyGuide.pdbVV V_CorExeMainmscoree.dll% @ P8hD`4VS_VERSION_INFO?DVarFileInfo$TranslationStringFileInfo000004b04CommentsGeneral ClassHCompanyNameR and L ElectronicsZFileDescriptionStudy Guide Screen Saver0FileVersion1.0.2.4LInternalNameGeneralStudyGuide.exeHLegalCopyrightCopyright 2016*LegalTrademarksTOriginalFilenameGeneralStudyGuide.exePProductNameStudy Guide Screensaver4ProductVersion1.0.2.48Assembly Version1.0.2.4Td P 6